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Compare Brunei (2002) - Jan Mayen (2007)
Compare Brunei (2002) z Jan Mayen (2007)
| Brunei (2002) | Jan Mayen (2007) | |
 |  | |
| Administrative divisions | 4 districts (daerah-daerah, singular - daerah); Belait, Brunei and Muara, Temburong, Tutong | - |
| Age structure | 0-14 years: 30.2% (male 54,038; female 51,833)
15-64 years: 67% (male 125,051; female 110,257) 65 years and over: 2.8% (male 4,609; female 5,110) (2002 est.) |
- |
| Agriculture - products | rice, vegetables, fruits, chickens, water buffalo | - |
| Airports | 2 (2001) | 1 (2007) |
| Airports - with paved runways | total: 1
over 3,047 m: 1 (2002) |
- |
| Airports - with unpaved runways | total: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2002) |
total: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2007) |
| Area | total: 5,770 sq km
land: 5,270 sq km water: 500 sq km |
total: 377 sq km
land: 377 sq km water: 0 sq km |
| Area - comparative | slightly smaller than Delaware | slightly more than twice the size of Washington, DC |
| Background | The Sultanate of Brunei's heyday occurred between the 15th and 17th centuries, when its control extended over coastal areas of northwest Borneo and the southern Philippines. Brunei subsequently entered a period of decline brought on by internal strife over royal succession, colonial expansion of European powers, and piracy. In 1888, Brunei became a British protectorate; independence was achieved in 1984. Brunei benefits from extensive petroleum and natural gas fields, the source of one of the highest per capita GDPs in the less developed countries. The same family has ruled Brunei for over six centuries. | This desolate, artic, mountainous island was named after a Dutch whaling captain who indisputably discovered it in 1614 (earlier claims are inconclusive). Visited only occasionally by seal hunters and trappers over the following centuries, the island came under Norwegian sovereignty in 1929. The long dormant Haakon VII Toppen/Beerenberg volcano resumed activity in 1970; the most recent eruption occurred in 1985. It is the northernmost active volcano on earth. |
| Birth rate | 20.06 births/1,000 population (2002 est.) | - |
| Budget | revenues: $2.5 billion
expenditures: $2.6 billion, including capital expenditures of $1.35 billion (1997 est.) |
- |
| Capital | Bandar Seri Begawan | - |
| Climate | tropical; hot, humid, rainy | arctic maritime with frequent storms and persistent fog |
| Coastline | 161 km | 124.1 km |
| Constitution | 29 September 1959 (some provisions suspended under a State of Emergency since December 1962, others since independence on 1 January 1984) | - |
| Country name | conventional long form: Negara Brunei Darussalam
conventional short form: Brunei |
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Jan Mayen |
| Currency | Bruneian dollar (BND) | - |
| Death rate | 3.38 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.) | - |
| Debt - external | $0 | - |
| Dependency status | - | territory of Norway; since August 1994, administered from Oslo through the county governor (fylkesmann) of Nordland; however, authority has been delegated to a station commander of the Norwegian Defense Communication Service |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | chief of mission: Ambassador Gene B. CHRISTY
embassy: Third Floor, Teck Guan Plaza, Jalan Sultan, Bandar Seri Begawan mailing address: PSC 470 (BSB), FPO AP 96507 telephone: [673] (2) 229670 FAX: [673] (2) 225293 |
- |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | chief of mission: Ambassador PUTEH ibni Mohammad Alam
chancery: 3520 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 237-1838 FAX: [1] (202) 885-0560 |
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| Disputes - international | Brunei established an exclusive economic fishing zone encompassing Louisa Reef in southern Spratly Islands in 1984, but makes no public territorial claim to the offshore reefs | none |
| Economic aid - recipient | $4.3 million (1995) (1995) | - |
| Economy - overview | This small, wealthy economy is a mixture of foreign and domestic entrepreneurship, government regulation, welfare measures, and village tradition. Crude oil and natural gas production account for nearly half of GDP. Per capita GDP is far above most other Third World countries, and substantial income from overseas investment supplements income from domestic production. The government provides for all medical services and subsidizes rice and housing. Brunei's leaders are concerned that steadily increased integration in the world economy will undermine internal social cohesion although it became a more prominent player by serving as chairman for the 2000 APEC (Asian Pacific Economic Cooperation) forum. Plans for the future include upgrading the labor force, reducing unemployment, strengthening the banking and tourist sectors, and, in general, further widening the economic base beyond oil and gas. | Jan Mayen is a volcanic island with no exploitable natural resources. Economic activity is limited to providing services for employees of Norway's radio and meteorological stations on the island. |
| Electricity - consumption | 2.065 billion kWh (2000) | - |
| Electricity - exports | 0 kWh (2000) | - |
| Electricity - imports | 0 kWh (2000) | - |
| Electricity - production | 2.22 billion kWh (2000) | - |
| Electricity - production by source | fossil fuel: 100%
hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000) |
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| Elevation extremes | lowest point: South China Sea 0 m
highest point: Bukit Pagon 1,850 m |
lowest point: Norwegian Sea 0 m
highest point: Haakon VII Toppen/Beerenberg 2,277 m |
| Environment - current issues | seasonal smoke/haze resulting from forest fires in Indonesia | NA |
| Environment - international agreements | party to: Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
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| Ethnic groups | Malay 67%, Chinese 15%, indigenous 6%, other 12% | - |
| Exchange rates | Bruneian dollars per US dollar - 1.8388 (January 2002), 1.8917 (2001), 1.7240 (2000), 1.6950 (1999), 1.6736 (1998), 1.4848 (1997); note - the Bruneian dollar is at par with the Singapore dollar | - |
| Executive branch | chief of state: Sultan and Prime Minister Sir HASSANAL Bolkiah (since 5 October 1967); note - the monarch is both the chief of state and head of government
head of government: Sultan and Prime Minister Sir HASSANAL Bolkiah (since 5 October 1967); note - the monarch is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Council of Cabinet Ministers appointed and presided over by the monarch; deals with executive matters; note - there is also a Religious Council (members appointed by the monarch) that advises on religious matters, a Privy Council (members appointed by the monarch) that deals with constitutional matters, and the Council of Succession (members appointed by the monarch) that determines the succession to the throne if the need arises elections: none; the monarch is hereditary |
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| Exports | $3 billion f.o.b. (2000 est.) | - |
| Exports - commodities | crude oil, natural gas, refined products | - |
| Exports - partners | Japan 42%, US 17%, South Korea 14%, Thailand 3% (1999) | - |
| Fiscal year | calendar year | - |
| Flag description | yellow with two diagonal bands of white (top, almost double width) and black starting from the upper hoist side; the national emblem in red is superimposed at the center; the emblem includes a swallow-tailed flag on top of a winged column within an upturned crescent above a scroll and flanked by two upraised hands | the flag of Norway is used |
| GDP | purchasing power parity - $6.2 billion (2001 est.) | - |
| GDP - composition by sector | agriculture: 5%
industry: 45% services: 50% (2001 est.) |
- |
| GDP - per capita | purchasing power parity - $18,000 (2001 est.) | - |
| GDP - real growth rate | 3% (2001 est.) | - |
| Geographic coordinates | 4 30 N, 114 40 E | 71 00 N, 8 00 W |
| Geography - note | close to vital sea lanes through South China Sea linking Indian and Pacific Oceans; two parts physically separated by Malaysia; almost an enclave of Malaysia | barren volcanic island with some moss and grass |
| Heliports | 3 (2002) | - |
| Highways | total: 1,712 km
paved: 1,284 km unpaved: 428 km (1996) |
- |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share | lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
- |
| Illicit drugs | drug trafficking and illegally importing controlled substances are serious offenses in Brunei and carry a mandatory death penalty | - |
| Imports | $1.4 billion c.i.f. (2000 est.) | - |
| Imports - commodities | machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, food, chemicals | - |
| Imports - partners | Singapore 34%, UK 15%, Malaysia 15%, US 5% (1999) | - |
| Independence | 1 January 1984 (from UK) | - |
| Industrial production growth rate | 4% (1997 est.) | - |
| Industries | petroleum, petroleum refining, liquefied natural gas, construction | - |
| Infant mortality rate | 13.95 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.) | - |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | 1% (1999 est.) | - |
| International organization participation | APEC, ARF, ASEAN, C, CCC, ESCAP, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDB, IFRCS, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO | - |
| Internet Service Providers (ISPs) | 2 (2000) | - |
| Irrigated land | 10 sq km (1998 est.) | 0 sq km |
| Judicial branch | Supreme Court (chief justice and judges are sworn in by the monarch for three-year terms) | - |
| Labor force | 143,400 (1999 est.); note - includes foreign workers and military personnel
note: temporary residents make up 41% of labor force (1991) (1999 est.) |
- |
| Labor force - by occupation | government 48%, production of oil, natural gas, services, and construction 42%, agriculture, forestry, and fishing 10% (1999 est.) | - |
| Land boundaries | total: 381 km
border countries: Malaysia 381 km |
0 km |
| Land use | arable land: 0.57%
permanent crops: 0.76% other: 98.67% (1998 est.) |
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2005) |
| Languages | Malay (official), English, Chinese | - |
| Legal system | based on English common law; for Muslims, Islamic Shari'a law supersedes civil law in a number of areas | the laws of Norway, where applicable, apply |
| Legislative branch | unicameral Legislative Council or Majlis Masyuarat Megeri (a privy council that serves only in a consultative capacity; NA seats; members appointed by the monarch)
elections: last held in March 1962 note: in 1970 the Council was changed to an appointive body by decree of the monarch; an elected Legislative Council is being considered as part of constitutional reform, but elections are unlikely for several years |
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| Life expectancy at birth | total population: 74.06 years
male: 71.68 years female: 76.56 years (2002 est.) |
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| Literacy | definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 88.2% male: 92.6% female: 83.4% (1995 est.) |
- |
| Location | Southeastern Asia, bordering the South China Sea and Malaysia | Northern Europe, island between the Greenland Sea and the Norwegian Sea, northeast of Iceland |
| Map references | Southeast Asia | Arctic Region |
| Maritime claims | exclusive economic zone: 200 NM or to median line
territorial sea: 12 NM |
territorial sea: 4 nm
contiguous zone: 10 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation |
| Merchant marine | total: 7 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 348,476 GRT/340,635 DWT
ships by type: liquefied gas 7 note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: United Kingdom 7 (2002 est.) |
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| Military - note | - | defense is the responsibility of Norway |
| Military branches | Land Forces, Navy, Air Force, Royal Brunei Police | - |
| Military expenditures - dollar figure | $343 million (FY98) | - |
| Military expenditures - percent of GDP | 5.1% (FY98) | - |
| Military manpower - availability | males age 15-49: 108,921 (2002 est.) | - |
| Military manpower - fit for military service | males age 15-49: 62,864 (2002 est.) | - |
| Military manpower - military age | 18 years of age (2002 est.) | - |
| Military manpower - reaching military age annually | males: 3,005 (2002 est.) | - |
| National holiday | National Day, 23 February (1984); note - 1 January 1984 was the date of independence from the UK, 23 February 1984 was the date of independence from British protection | - |
| Nationality | noun: Bruneian(s)
adjective: Bruneian |
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| Natural hazards | typhoons, earthquakes, and severe flooding are very rare | dominated by the volcano Haakon VII Toppen/Beerenberg; volcanic activity resumed in 1970; the most recent eruption occurred in 1985 |
| Natural resources | petroleum, natural gas, timber | none |
| Net migration rate | 3.91 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.) | - |
| Pipelines | crude oil 135 km; petroleum products 418 km; natural gas 920 km | - |
| Political parties and leaders | Brunei Solidarity National Party or PPKB in Malay [Haji Mohd HATTA bin Haji Zainal Abidin, president]; the PPKB is the only legal political party in Brunei; it was registered in 1985, but became largely inactive after 1988, it was revived in 1995 and again in 1998; it has less than 200 registered party members; other parties include Brunei People's Party or PRB (banned in 1962) and Brunei National Democratic Party (registered in May 1965, deregistered by the Brunei Government in 1988) | - |
| Political pressure groups and leaders | NA | - |
| Population | 350,898 (July 2002 est.) | no indigenous inhabitants
note: personnel operate the Long Range Navigation (Loran-C) base and the weather and coastal services radio station |
| Population below poverty line | NA% | - |
| Population growth rate | 2.06% (2002 est.) | - |
| Ports and harbors | Bandar Seri Begawan, Kuala Belait, Muara, Seria, Tutong | - |
| Radio broadcast stations | AM 3, FM 10, shortwave 0 (1998) | AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA (there is one radio and meteorological station) (1998) |
| Radios | 329,000 (1998) | - |
| Railways | total: 13 km (private line)
narrow gauge: 13 km 0.610-m gauge (2001 est.) |
- |
| Religions | Muslim (official) 67%, Buddhist 13%, Christian 10%, indigenous beliefs and other 10% | - |
| Sex ratio | at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.13 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.9 male(s)/female total population: 1.1 male(s)/female (2002 est.) |
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| Suffrage | none | - |
| Telephone system | general assessment: service throughout country is excellent; international service good to Europe, US, and East Asia
domestic: every service available international: satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean); digital submarine cable links to Malaysia, Singapore, and Philippines (2001) |
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| Telephones - main lines in use | 79,000 (1996) | - |
| Telephones - mobile cellular | 43,524 (1996) | - |
| Television broadcast stations | 2 (1997) | - |
| Terrain | flat coastal plain rises to mountains in east; hilly lowland in west | volcanic island, partly covered by glaciers |
| Total fertility rate | 2.4 children born/woman (2002 est.) | - |
| Unemployment rate | 10% (2001 est.) | - |
| Waterways | 209 km; navigable by craft drawing less than 1.2 m | - |
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